File Permissions:
File permissions define what actions (read, write, execute) can be performed on a file or directory by different user categories (owner, group, others).
Read (r): Allows viewing the contents of a file or listing the contents of a directory.
Write (w): Permits modifying the file or adding/removing files within a directory.
Execute (x): Allows executing a file (for scripts or programs) or accessing a directory (if x permission is not set on a directory, you can't cd into it).
Permissions are represented using a 3-character string (e.g., "rw-r--r--" for a file), where the first three characters are for the owner, the next three are for the group, and the last three are for others. You can set and change permissions using the chmod command.
Ownership:
Ownership defines who owns a file or directory and which group is associated with it.
Owner: The user who created the file or directory is the owner. Owners can change permissions, change ownership, or delete the file.
Group: Every file or directory is associated with a group. Group members have the permissions defined for the group. Group ownership allows multiple users to share access to files.
Others: Users who are not the owner and not in the associated group fall into the "others" category.
You can view the ownership of files using the ls -l command, and you can change ownership using the chown command.
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