When several measures such as these are aggregated, associations between parent attributes and children’s behavior can be quite substantial. Parenting variables have typically accounted for 20% to 50% of the variance in child outcomes (Conger & Elder 1994, Reiss et al 1995). Exceptionally robust connections are reported in the recent large-scale study of adolescents in never-divorced and step-families, Hetherington and colleagues (Hetherington et al 1999). Using composite scores for both parenting styles and children’s attributes, report a concurrent coefficient of 0.76 between mothers’ “authoritative parenting” and adolescents’ “social responsibility” (the coefficient for fathers is 0.49). Parental negativity has very strong connections for both parents with adolescents’ depression and internalizing behavior. 1 Patterson and colleagues have also found substantial correlations between parental characteristics (e.g. disciplinary practices and monitoring) and children’s antisocial behavior (Patterson & Forgatch 1995). They are able to show connections between parental behaviors and the children’s negative, coercive behavior both at home and in out-of-home contexts.

Decline in male college enrollment For example, male enrollment at 4-year public institutions has dropped nearly 6% more than women, according to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Among all student demographics in this sector, white men experienced the sharpest decline in enrollment, falling nearly 20%.