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Techniques covered by patents may be essential for implementing the algorithms for arithmetic coding that are specified in some formal international standards.

When this is the case, such patents are generally available for licensing under what is called "reasonable and non-discriminatory" (RAND) licensing terms (at least as a matter of standards-committee policy).

When starting out reverse-engineering C binaries, one will inevitably run across a very similar experience dealing with their first serious struct. The flow of data does not seem to make sense, then after some web searching and deep thought there’s the lightbulb moment. 344 iterations of this later, it’s become second nature: you see mov rcx, [rdx+0x12] and say “oh ok, here we go again”, and go look for the allocation size and reach for the “Structs” tab and so on. Rust’s eagerness to put variables on the stack takes away this easy alarm bell and the easy fix. So, first you have to fall back on that primordial understanding that if the program is writing data to the stack only to apparently never use it again, or conversely reading data from the stack that apparently had not been written to before, then you are probably dealing with a struct. Then you need to somehow figure out the struct’s address and size, both of which strictly speaking are not guaranteed to appear anywhere.

lphaDev discovers new, state-of-the-art sorting algorithms from scratch that have been incorporated into the LLVM C++ library, used by millions of developers and applications around the world23,24,25. Both AlphaDev and stochastic search are powerful algorithms. An interesting direction for future research is to investigate combining these algorithms together to realize the complementary advantages of both approaches.